{"id":637,"date":"2022-02-01T15:56:21","date_gmt":"2022-02-01T15:56:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/?p=637"},"modified":"2022-02-01T15:58:36","modified_gmt":"2022-02-01T15:58:36","slug":"caesarea-maritima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/","title":{"rendered":"Caesarea Maritima"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

For the article relating to town north of this ancient port, see Caesarea.<\/span><\/p>\n

For other places with the same name, see Caesarea<\/span><\/p>\n

(disambiguation).<\/span><\/p>\n

Caesarea Maritima (Greek: Par\u00e1lios Kais\u00e1reia,<\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1) was one of four Roman colonies for veterans<\/span><\/p>\n

in the Syria-Phoenicia region created by the Roman Empire.[1] The ancient<\/span><\/p>\n

Caesarea Maritima (or Caesarea Palestinae[2]) city and harbor was built by Herod<\/span><\/p>\n

the Great about 25\u201313 BC. The city had been populated through the late Roman<\/span><\/p>\n

and Byzantine era. Its ruins lie on the Mediterranean coast of Israel, about<\/span><\/p>\n

halfway between the cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa, on the site of Pyrgos<\/span><\/p>\n

Stratonos (\u201cStraton\u2019s Tower\u201d).[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

1 Historical characteristics<\/span><\/p>\n

CaesareaMaritimawasnamedinhonorofAugustusCae-sar[2] The city was<\/span><\/p>\n

described in detail by the 1st-century Roman Jewish historian Josephus.[4] The<\/span><\/p>\n

city became the seat of the Roman prefect soon after its foundation. Caesarea<\/span><\/p>\n

was the \u201cadministrative capital\u201d beginning in 6<\/span><\/p>\n

AD.[5] This city is the location of the 1961 discovery of the<\/span><\/p>\n

Pilate Stone, the only archaeological item that men-tions the Roman prefect<\/span><\/p>\n

Pontius Pilate, by whose order Jesus was cruci\ufb01ed.[6]<\/span><\/p>\n

The emperor Vespasian raised its status to that of a Colonia,<\/span><\/p>\n

with the name Colonia Prima Flavia Augusta Caesarea. After the destruction of<\/span><\/p>\n

Jerusalem in 70 AD, Caesarea was the provincial capital of the Judaea<\/span><\/p>\n

Province, before the change of name to Syria Palaestina in 134<\/span><\/p>\n

AD, shortly before the Bar Kokhba revolt.[7] In<\/span><\/p>\n

Byzantine times, Caesarea remained the capital, with<\/span><\/p>\n

briefinterruptionofPersianandJewishconquestbetween 614 and 625. In the 630s,<\/span><\/p>\n

Arab Muslim armies had taken control of the region, keeping Caesarea as its<\/span><\/p>\n

administra-tive center. In the early 8th century, the Umayyad caliph Suleiman<\/span><\/p>\n

transferred the seat of government of the Jund Filastin from Caesarea to Ramla.<\/span><\/p>\n

2 Roman era<\/span><\/p>\n

Herod built his palace on a promontory jutting out into the sea,<\/span><\/p>\n

with a decorative pool surrounded by stoas. In the year 6 BC, Caesarea became<\/span><\/p>\n

the civilian and mili<\/span><\/p>\n

tary capital of Iudaea Province and the o\ufb03cial residence of the<\/span><\/p>\n

Roman procurators and governors, Pontius Pilatus, praefectus and Antonius Felix.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the year 30 BCE the (Phoenician) vil-lage was awarded to<\/span><\/p>\n

Herod, who built a large\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

port city at the site, and called it \u201cCaesarea\u201d in honor of his<\/span><\/p>\n

patron Octavian Augustus Cae-sar\u2026.The city transformed rapidly into a great<\/span><\/p>\n

commercial center, and by the year 6 BCE be-came the headquarters of the Roman<\/span><\/p>\n

govern-ment in Palestine. Since Caesarea had no rivers or springs, drinking<\/span><\/p>\n

water for the prospering Roman and Byzantine city was brought via a unique<\/span><\/p>\n

high-level aqueduct, originating at the nearby Shuni springs, some 7.5 km<\/span><\/p>\n

northeast of Caesarea\u2026.Caesarea served as a base for the Roman legions who<\/span><\/p>\n

quelled the Great Revolt thateruptedin66BCE,anditwasherethattheir commanding<\/span><\/p>\n

general Vespasian was declared Caesar. After the destruction of Jerusalem,<\/span><\/p>\n

Caesarea became the most important city in the country: Pagans, Samaritans,<\/span><\/p>\n

Jews and Chris-tians lived here in the third and fourth centuries CE.[8]<\/span><\/p>\n

Josephus describes the harbor as being as large as the one at<\/span><\/p>\n

Piraeus, the major harbor of Athens.[9][10] Remains of theprincipalbuildingserectedbyHerodandthemedieval<\/span><\/p>\n

town are still visible today, including the city walls, the castle and a<\/span><\/p>\n

Crusader cathedral and church. Caesarea grew rapidly, becoming the largest city<\/span><\/p>\n

in Judea, with an estimated population of 125,000 over an urban area of 3.7<\/span><\/p>\n

square kilometres (1.4 sq mi). In 66, the desecra-tion of the local synagogue<\/span><\/p>\n

led to the disastrous Jewish revolt.[11]<\/span><\/p>\n

This city is the location of the 1961 discovery of the Pilate<\/span><\/p>\n

Stone, the only archaeological item that mentions the Roman prefect Pontius<\/span><\/p>\n

Pilate, by whose order Jesus was cruci\ufb01ed.[6][12] It is likely that Pilate used<\/span><\/p>\n

it as a base, and only went to Jerusalem when needed.[13]<\/span><\/p>\n

In69,VespasiandeclareditacolonyandrenameditColo-nia Prima Flavia<\/span><\/p>\n

Augusta Caesarea. In 70, after the Jew-ish revolt was suppressed, games were<\/span><\/p>\n

held here to cel-ebrate the victory of Titus. Many Jewish captives were brought<\/span><\/p>\n

to Caesarea Maritima and 2,500 were slaugh-tered in gladiatorial games.[14]<\/span><\/p>\n

After the revolt of Simon bar Kokhba in 132 AD, which ended with<\/span><\/p>\n

the destruction of Jerusalem and expulsion of Jews, Caesarea became the capital<\/span><\/p>\n

of the new Roman province of Palaestina Prima.<\/span><\/p>\n

2.1 Christian hub<\/span><\/p>\n

See also: Early centers of Christianity \u00a7 Caesarea and Bishop of<\/span><\/p>\n

Caesarea<\/span><\/p>\n

According to the Acts of the Apostles, Caesarea was \ufb01rst<\/span><\/p>\n

introduced to Christianity by Philip the Deacon,[15] who<\/span><\/p>\n

laterhadahousethereinwhichhegavehospitalitytoPaul the Apostle.[16] It was there<\/span><\/p>\n

that Peter the Apostle came and baptized Cornelius the Centurion and his<\/span><\/p>\n

house-hold, the \ufb01rst time Christian baptism was conferred on Gentiles.[17]<\/span><\/p>\n

Paul\u2019s \ufb01rst missionary journey. When newly converted Paul the Apostle was in<\/span><\/p>\n

danger in Jerusalem, the Christians there accompanied him to Caesarea and sent<\/span><\/p>\n

him o\ufb00 to his native Tarsus.[18] He visited Caesarea<\/span><\/p>\n

betweenhissecondandthirdmissionaryjourneys,[19] and later, as mentioned, stayed<\/span><\/p>\n

several days there with Philip the Deacon. Later still, he was a prisoner there<\/span><\/p>\n

for two years before being sent to Rome.[20]<\/span><\/p>\n

In the 3rd century, Origen wrote his Hexapla and other<\/span><\/p>\n

exegeticalandtheologicalworkswhilelivinginCaesarea. The Nicene Creed may have<\/span><\/p>\n

originated in Caesarea.<\/span><\/p>\n

As the capital of the province, Caesarea was also the<\/span><\/p>\n

metropolitan see, with ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Jerusalem, when rebuilt<\/span><\/p>\n

after the destruction in the year 70. In 451, however, the Council of Chalcedon<\/span><\/p>\n

estab-lished Jerusalem as a patriarchate, with Caesarea as the \ufb01rst of its<\/span><\/p>\n

three subordinate metropolitan sees.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Apostolic Constitutions says that the \ufb01rst Bishop of<\/span><\/p>\n

Caesarea was Zacchaeus the Publican, followed by Cor-nelius (possibly Cornelius<\/span><\/p>\n

the Centurion) and Theophilus (possibly the address of the Gospel of Luke).[21]<\/span><\/p>\n

The \ufb01rst bishops considered historically attested are those men-tioned by the early<\/span><\/p>\n

church historian Eusebius of Cae-sarea, himself a bishop of the see in the 4th<\/span><\/p>\n

century. He speaks of a Theophilus who was bishop in the 10th year of Commodus<\/span><\/p>\n

(c. 189),[22] of a Theoctistus (216\u2013258), a<\/span><\/p>\n

short-livedDomnusandaTheotecnus,[23] andanAgapius<\/span><\/p>\n

(?\u2013306). Among the participants in the Synod of Ancyra in 314<\/span><\/p>\n

was a bishop of Caesarea named Agricolaus, who may have been the immediate<\/span><\/p>\n

predecessor of Eusebius, who does not mention him, or who may have been bishop<\/span><\/p>\n

ofadi\ufb00erentCaesarea. TheimmediatesuccessorsofEu-sebius were Acacius (340\u2013366)<\/span><\/p>\n

and Gelasius of Caesarea (367\u2013372, 380\u2013395). The latter was ousted by the<\/span><\/p>\n

semi-ArianEuzoiusbetween373and379. Lequiengivesmuch information about all of<\/span><\/p>\n

these and about later bishops of<\/span><\/p>\n

Caesarea.[24]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

2.2 Buildings from 6th century<\/span><\/p>\n

The main church, a martyrion (martyr\u2019s shrine) was built in the<\/span><\/p>\n

6th century and sited directly upon the podium that had supported a Roman<\/span><\/p>\n

temple, as was a widespread Christian practice. Throughout the Empire,<\/span><\/p>\n

prominently-sited pagan temples were rarely left unconsecrated to Christianity:<\/span><\/p>\n

intimetheMartyrion\u2019ssitewasre-occupied, this time by a mosque. The Martyrion<\/span><\/p>\n

was an octagon, richly re-paved and surrounded by small radiating en-closures.<\/span><\/p>\n

Archaeologists have recovered some foliate capitals that included<\/span><\/p>\n

representations of the Cross.<\/span><\/p>\n

An elaborate government structure contained a basilica with an<\/span><\/p>\n

apse, where magistrates would have sat, for the structure was used as a hall of<\/span><\/p>\n

justice, as fragments of in-scriptions detailing the fees that court clerks<\/span><\/p>\n

might claim attest. Awell-preserved6th-centurymosaicgoldandcol-ored glass table<\/span><\/p>\n

patterned with crosses and rosettes was found in 2005.[25][26]<\/span><\/p>\n

2.3 Theological library<\/span><\/p>\n

Main article: Theological Library of Caesarea Maritima<\/span><\/p>\n

Through Origen and especially the scholarly presbyter Pamphilus<\/span><\/p>\n

of Caesarea, an avid collector of books of Scripture, the theological school of<\/span><\/p>\n

Caesarea won a repu-tation for having the most extensive ecclesiastical library<\/span><\/p>\n

of the time, containing more than 30,000 manuscripts: Gregory Nazianzus, Basil<\/span><\/p>\n

the Great, Jerome and others came to study there. The Caesarean text-type is<\/span><\/p>\n

recog-nized by scholars as one of the earliest New Testament types. The<\/span><\/p>\n

collections of the library su\ufb00ered during the persecutions under the Emperor<\/span><\/p>\n

Diocletian, but were re-paired subsequently by bishops of Caesarea.[27] It was<\/span><\/p>\n

noted in the 6th century, but Henry Barclay Swete[28] was of the opinion that<\/span><\/p>\n

it probably did not long survive the capture of Caesarea by the Saracens in<\/span><\/p>\n

638, though a modern historian would attribute more destruction to its previous<\/span><\/p>\n

capture by the Sassanid Persians (in 614).<\/span><\/p>\n

2.4 Roman Sebastos harbor When it was built in the 1st<\/span><\/p>\n

century BC, Sebastos Harbor rankedasthelargestarti\ufb01cialharborbuiltintheopensea,<\/span><\/p>\n

enclosing around 100,000 m2.[29][30][31] King Herod built\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

the two jetties of the harbor between 22 and 15 BC,[32]<\/span><\/p>\n

andin10\/9BChededicatedthecityandharbortoCaesar<\/span><\/p>\n

(sebastosisGreekforAugustus).[33]<\/span><\/p>\n

Thepaceofconstruc-tionwasimpressiveconsideringsizeandcomplexity. The<\/span><\/p>\n

breakwaters were made of lime and pozzolana, a type of volcanic ash, set into<\/span><\/p>\n

an underwater concrete. Herod im-ported over 24,000 m3 pozzolana from Pozzuoli,<\/span><\/p>\n

Italy, to construct the two breakwaters: the 500 meter long on the<\/span><\/p>\n

southandthe275meterlongonthenorth.[34] Ashipment of this size would have required<\/span><\/p>\n

at least 44 shiploads of 400 tons each.[32] Herod also had 12,000 m3 of kurkar<\/span><\/p>\n

quarried to make rubble and 12,000 m3 of slaked lime mixed with the pozzolana.<\/span><\/p>\n

Architects had to devise a way to lay the wooden forms<\/span><\/p>\n

fortheplacementofconcreteunderwater. Onetechnique<\/span><\/p>\n

wastodrivestakesintothegroundtomakeaboxandthen \ufb01ll it with pozzolana concrete<\/span><\/p>\n

bit by bit.[30] However, this method required many divers to hammer the planks<\/span><\/p>\n

to the stakes underwater and large quantities of pozzolana were necessary.<\/span><\/p>\n

Another technique was a double plank-ing method used in the northern<\/span><\/p>\n

breakwater. On land, carpenters would construct a box with beams and frames<\/span><\/p>\n

ontheinside anda watertight, double-plankedwallon the outside. This double wall<\/span><\/p>\n

was built with a 23 cm (9 in) gap between the inner and outer layer.[35]<\/span><\/p>\n

Although the box had no bottom, it was buoyant enough to \ufb02oat out to<\/span><\/p>\n

seabecauseofthewatertightspacebetweentheinnerand outer walls. Once it was<\/span><\/p>\n

\ufb02oated into position, pozzolana was poured into the gap between the walls and<\/span><\/p>\n

the box would sink into place on the sea\ufb02oor and be staked down in the corners.<\/span><\/p>\n

The \ufb02ooded inside area was then \ufb01lled by divers bit by bit with pozzolana-lime<\/span><\/p>\n

mortar and kurkar rubble until it rose above sea level.[35]<\/span><\/p>\n

Onthesouthernbreakwater,bargeconstructionwasused. The southern<\/span><\/p>\n

side of Sebastos was much more exposed<\/span><\/p>\n

thanthenorthernside,requiringsturdierbreakwaters. In-stead of using the double<\/span><\/p>\n

planked method \ufb01lled with rub-ble, the architects sank barges \ufb01lled with layers<\/span><\/p>\n

of poz-zolana concrete and lime sand mortar. The barges were similar to boxes<\/span><\/p>\n

without lids, and were constructed us-ing mortise and tenon joints, the same<\/span><\/p>\n

technique used in ancient boats, to ensure they remained watertight. The barges<\/span><\/p>\n

were ballasted with 0.5 meters of pozzolana con-crete and \ufb02oated out to their<\/span><\/p>\n

position. With alternating layers, pozzolana based and lime based concretes<\/span><\/p>\n

were hand placed inside the barge to sink it and \ufb01ll it up to the surface.[35]<\/span><\/p>\n

At its height, Sebastos was one of the most impressive<\/span><\/p>\n

harborsofitstime. Ithadbeenconstructedonacoastthat had no natural harbors and<\/span><\/p>\n

served as an important com-mercial harbor in antiquity, rivaling Cleopatra\u2019s<\/span><\/p>\n

harbor at Alexandria. Josephus wrote: \u201cAlthough the location was generally<\/span><\/p>\n

unfavorable, [Herod] contended with the di\ufb03-culties so well that the solidity<\/span><\/p>\n

of the construction could not be overcome by the sea, and its beauty seemed<\/span><\/p>\n

\ufb01n-ished o\ufb00 without impediment.\u201d[36] However, there were underlying problems<\/span><\/p>\n

that led to its demise. Studies of\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

the concrete cores of the moles have shown that the con-crete<\/span><\/p>\n

was much weaker than similar pozzolana hydraulic concrete used in ancient<\/span><\/p>\n

Italian ports. For unknown rea-sons, the pozzolana mortar did not adhere as<\/span><\/p>\n

well to the kurkar rubble as it did to other rubble types used in Ital-ian<\/span><\/p>\n

harbors.[34] Small but numerous holes in some of the cores also indicate that<\/span><\/p>\n

the lime was of poor quality and<\/span><\/p>\n

strippedoutofthemixturebystrongwavesbeforeitcould set.[34] Also, large lumps of<\/span><\/p>\n

lime were found in all \ufb01ve of the cores studied at Caesarea, which shows that the<\/span><\/p>\n

mixture was not mixed thoroughly.[34] However, stability would not have been<\/span><\/p>\n

seriously a\ufb00ected if the harbor had not been constructed over a geological<\/span><\/p>\n

fault line that runs along the coast. Seismic action gradually took its toll on<\/span><\/p>\n

the breakwaters, causing them to tilt down and settle into the seabed.[36]<\/span><\/p>\n

Also, studies of seabed deposits at Cae-sarea have shown that a tsunami struck<\/span><\/p>\n

the area some-time during the 1st or 2nd century CE.[37] Although it is unknown<\/span><\/p>\n

if this tsunami simply damaged or completely destroyed the harbor, it is known<\/span><\/p>\n

that by the 6th century the harbor was unusable and today the jetties lie more<\/span><\/p>\n

than 5 meters underwater.[38]<\/span><\/p>\n

3 Arab conquest\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The Byzantine Empire declined in the 7th century and Caesarea<\/span><\/p>\n

was raided by the Sassanid Persians early in that century. Then, in 638, the<\/span><\/p>\n

city, still the capital of Byzantine Palestine and an important commercial and<\/span><\/p>\n

maritime center, was taken by the Muslims, allegedly through the betrayal of a<\/span><\/p>\n

certain Yusef, who conducted a party of troops of Muawiyah through a \u201csecret<\/span><\/p>\n

tun-nel\u201d, perhaps the extensive Byzantine sewers, into the city.[39] The<\/span><\/p>\n

Persian historian al-Baladhuri, who o\ufb00ers the earliest Muslim account, merely<\/span><\/p>\n

states that the city was \u201creduced\u201d.[40][41][42] The 7th-century Coptic bishop<\/span><\/p>\n

John of Niki\u00fb, mentions \u201cthe horrors committed in the city of<\/span><\/p>\n

Caesarea in Palestine\u201d.[43]<\/span><\/p>\n

4 Crusader era<\/span><\/p>\n

Under Arab rule, the city walls remained, but within them the<\/span><\/p>\n

population dwindled and agriculture crept in among the ruins. By the 9th<\/span><\/p>\n

century there was a substan-tial colony of Frankish settlers established by<\/span><\/p>\n

Emperor Charlemagne to facilitate Latin pilgrimages. When Baldwin I took the<\/span><\/p>\n

city in 1101\/2, during the First Cru-sade, it was still very rich. A legend<\/span><\/p>\n

grew up that in this city was discovered the Holy Grail around which so much<\/span><\/p>\n

lore accrued in the next two centuries. The city was strongly reforti\ufb01ed and<\/span><\/p>\n

rebuilt by the Crusaders. A lordship was created there, as was one of the four<\/span><\/p>\n

arch-bishoprics in the kingdom. A list of thirty-six Latin bish-ops, from 1101<\/span><\/p>\n

to 1496 has been reassembled by 19th century historians; the most famous of<\/span><\/p>\n

these is proba-bly Heraclius. Saladin retook the city in 1187; it was<\/span><\/p>\n

recaptured by the Crusaders in 1191, and \ufb01nally lost by them in 1265, this time<\/span><\/p>\n

to the Mamluks, who en-sured that there would be no more battling over the<\/span><\/p>\n

site\u2014 where the harbor has silted in anyway\u2014by razing the for-ti\ufb01cations, in<\/span><\/p>\n

line with their practice in other formerly-Crusader coastal cities. The Latin<\/span><\/p>\n

archbishopric of Cae-sarea in Palestina, no longer a residential bishopric, is<\/span><\/p>\n

today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.[44]<\/span><\/p>\n

The Orthodox Church of Antioch likewise consider Cae-sarea a<\/span><\/p>\n

titular see, to which Ignatius Samaan, Auxiliary Bishop in Venezuela of the<\/span><\/p>\n

Archdiocese of Mexico, was appointed in 2011.[45] Since 1965, the holder of the<\/span><\/p>\n

tit-ular see within the Melkite Catholic Church is Hilarion Capucci.[44]<\/span><\/p>\n

5 Archaeology and reconstruction<\/span><\/p>\n

Archaeological excavations in the 1950s and 1960s un-covered<\/span><\/p>\n

remains from many periods, in particular, a complex of Crusader forti\ufb01cations<\/span><\/p>\n

and a Roman theatre. Other buildings include a temple dedicated to Caesar; a<\/span><\/p>\n

hippodrome rebuilt in the 2nd century as a more con-ventional theater; the<\/span><\/p>\n

Tiberieum, which has a limestone block with a dedicatory inscription.[6] This<\/span><\/p>\n

is the only ar-chaeological\ufb01ndwithaninscriptionmentioningthename \u201cPontius<\/span><\/p>\n

Pilatus\u201d; a double aqueduct that brought water from springs at the foot of<\/span><\/p>\n

Mount Carmel; a boundary wall; and a 200 ft (60 m) wide moat protecting the<\/span><\/p>\n

har-bour to the south and west. The harbor was the largest on the eastern<\/span><\/p>\n

Mediterranean coast. Work directed by Robert Bull of Drew University is still<\/span><\/p>\n

in the process of publicationwhilemorerecentworkintheharbordirected by Robert<\/span><\/p>\n

Hohlfelder *U of Colorado, John Oleson of the U of Victoria, and the late Avner<\/span><\/p>\n

Raban has been largely published. Caesarea has recently become the site<\/span><\/p>\n

ofwhatbillsitselfastheworld\u2019s\ufb01rstunderwatermuseum, where 36 points of interest<\/span><\/p>\n

on four marked underwater trailsthroughtheancientharborcanbeexploredbydivers<\/span><\/p>\n

equipped with waterproof maps.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Since 2000 the site of Caesarea Maritima is included in the<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTentative List of World Heritage Places\u201d of the<\/span><\/p>\n

UNESCO.<\/span><\/p>\n

6 See also<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 List of megalithic sites<\/span><\/p>\n

7 References<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Butcher, 2003, p. 230<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] \u201cC\u00e6sarea Palestin\u00e6\u201d. New International Encyclopedia. 1905.<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] Raban and Holum, 1996, p. 54<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] Jewish Antiquities XV.331\ufb00; The Jewish War I.408\ufb00<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] A History of the Jewish People, H.H. Ben-Sasson editor,<\/span><\/p>\n

1976, page 247: \u201cWhen Judea was converted into a Ro-man province [in6 CE,<\/span><\/p>\n

page246], the Romans movedthe governmental residence and military headquarters<\/span><\/p>\n

from Jerusalem to Caesarea.<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] Reed, 2002, p. 18<\/span><\/p>\n

[7] Shimon Applebaum (1989) Judaea in Hellenistic and Ro-man<\/span><\/p>\n

Times: Historical and Archaeological Essays Brill Archive, ISBN 90-04-08821-0 p<\/span><\/p>\n

123<\/span><\/p>\n

[8] UNESCO tentative list:Caesarea<\/span><\/p>\n

[9] name=\u201dGeorge Menachery, 1987 in Kodungallur, City of St.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas, Azhikode, 1987 ChapterII note 19 quotes<\/span><\/p>\n

the National Geographic article: Robert L. Hohifelder, \u201cCaesarea<\/span><\/p>\n

Maritima, Herod the Great\u2019s City on the Sea\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

TheNationalGeographic,171\/2,Feb.,1987,pp.260-279. 2000 years ago, Caesarea<\/span><\/p>\n

Maritima welcomed ships to its harbour called Sebastos. Featuring innovative<\/span><\/p>\n

design and hydraulic concrete, this building feat set a standard for harbours<\/span><\/p>\n

to come. A monumental work, city and harbour were constructed on an unstable<\/span><\/p>\n

storm-battered shore, at a site lacking a protective cape or bay. The project<\/span><\/p>\n

chal-lenged Rome\u2019s most skilled engineers. Hydraulic con-crete blocks, some<\/span><\/p>\n

weighing 50 short tons (45 t) anchored the north breakwater of the arti\ufb01cial<\/span><\/p>\n

harbour\u2026Caesarea Maritima, rival to Alexandria in the Eastern trade, a city<\/span><\/p>\n

worthy to be named for Herod\u2019s patron, Caesar Augustus, master of the Roman<\/span><\/p>\n

world, in view of its opulence and magni\ufb01cence.<\/span><\/p>\n

[10] http:\/\/www.indianchristianity.com\/html\/Books12.htm accessed<\/span><\/p>\n

August 31,2015<\/span><\/p>\n

[11] http:\/\/www.sacred-destinations.com\/israel\/<\/span><\/p>\n

caesarea-history.htm accessed September 17, 2007<\/span><\/p>\n

[12] Studying the historical Jesus: evaluations of the state of<\/span><\/p>\n

current research by Bruce Chilton, Craig A. Evans 1998 ISBN 90-04-11142-5 page<\/span><\/p>\n

465<\/span><\/p>\n

[13] Historical Dictionary of Jesus by Daniel J. Harrington 2010<\/span><\/p>\n

ISBN 0-8108-7667-1 page 32<\/span><\/p>\n

[14] Kasher, Aryeh (1990) Jews and Hellenistic Cities in<\/span><\/p>\n

Eretz-Israel: Relations of the Jews in Eretz-Israel with the Hel-lenistic<\/span><\/p>\n

Cities During the Second Temple Period (332 BCE-<\/span><\/p>\n

70CE) Mohr Siebeck, ISBN 3-16-145241-0, p 311<\/span><\/p>\n

[15] Acts 8:40<\/span><\/p>\n

[16] Acts 21:8\u201310<\/span><\/p>\n

[17] Acts 10:1-11:18<\/span><\/p>\n

[18] Acts 9:30<\/span><\/p>\n

[19] 18:22<\/span><\/p>\n

[20] Acts 23:23, 25:1-13<\/span><\/p>\n

[21] newadvent.org\u2019s Apostolic Constitutions Book VII, 46<\/span><\/p>\n

[22] Church History V,22<\/span><\/p>\n

[23] Church History VII,14<\/span><\/p>\n

[24] Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor<\/span><\/p>\n

Patriarcha-tus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. III, coll. 529-574, 1285-1290]<\/span><\/p>\n

[25] Unique glass mosaic unveiled after restoration in Caesarea<\/span><\/p>\n

[26]<\/span><\/p>\n

[27] Jerome, \u201cEpistles\u201d xxxiv<\/span><\/p>\n

[28] Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek, pp 74-75.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

[29] name=\u201dGeorge Menachery, 1987 in Kodungallur, City of St.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas, Azhikode, 1987 quotes the National Ge-ographic article: Robert L.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hohifelder, \u201cCaesarea Mar-itima, Herod the Great\u2019s City on the Sea\u201d. The<\/span><\/p>\n

Na-tional Geographic, 171\/2, Feb., 1987, pp.260-279. 2000 years ago, Caesarea<\/span><\/p>\n

Maritima welcomed ships to its har-bour called Sebastos. Featuring innovative<\/span><\/p>\n

design and hy-draulic concrete, this building feat set a standard for har-bours<\/span><\/p>\n

to come. A monumental work, city and harbour were constructed on an unstable<\/span><\/p>\n

storm-battered shore, at a site lacking a protective cape or bay. The project<\/span><\/p>\n

chal-lengedRome\u2019smostskilledengineers. Hydraulicconcrete blocks, some weighing<\/span><\/p>\n

50 tons anchored the north break-water of the arti\ufb01cial harbour\u2026Caesarea<\/span><\/p>\n

Maritima, rival to Alexandria in the Eastern trade, a city worthy to be<\/span><\/p>\n

namedforHerod\u2019spatron, CaesarAugustus, masterofthe Roman world, in view of its<\/span><\/p>\n

opulence and magni\ufb01cence.<\/span><\/p>\n

[30] Hohfelder, R. 2007. \u201cConstructing the Harbour of Cae-sarea<\/span><\/p>\n

Palaestina, Israel: New Evidence from ROMA-CONS Field Campaign of October<\/span><\/p>\n

2005.\u201d International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 36:409-415<\/span><\/p>\n

[31] Votruba, G. 2007. \u201cImported Building Materials of Se-bastos<\/span><\/p>\n

Harbour, Israel.\u201d International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 36:325-335.<\/span><\/p>\n

[32] Votruba, G., 2007, Imported building materials of Sebas-tos<\/span><\/p>\n

Harbour, Israel, International Journal of Nautical Ar-chaeology 36: 325-335.<\/span><\/p>\n

[33] Raban, A., 1992. Sebastos: the royal harbour at Cae-sarea<\/span><\/p>\n

Maritima \u2013 a short-lived giant, International Journal of Nautical Archaeology<\/span><\/p>\n

21: 111-124.<\/span><\/p>\n

[34] Hohfelder, R. 2007. \u201cConstructing the Harbour of Cae-sarea<\/span><\/p>\n

Palaestina, Israel: New Evidence from ROMA-CONS Field Campaign of October<\/span><\/p>\n

2005.\u201d International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 36:409-415.<\/span><\/p>\n

[35] Brandon, C., 1996, Cements, Concrete, and Settling Barges<\/span><\/p>\n

at Sebastos: Comparisons with Other Roman<\/span><\/p>\n

Har-borExamplesandtheDescriptionsofVitruvius, Caesarea Maritima: A<\/span><\/p>\n

Retrospective after Two Millennia, 25-40.<\/span><\/p>\n

[36] Holum, K. 1988. King Herod\u2019s Dream: Caesarea on the Sea.<\/span><\/p>\n

New York: Norton.<\/span><\/p>\n

[37] Reinhardt,E.,Goodman,B.,Boyce,J.,Lopez,G.,Hengs-tum, P.,<\/span><\/p>\n

Rink, W., Mart, Y., Raban, A. 2006. \u201cThe<\/span><\/p>\n

Tsunamiof13DecemberA.D.115andtheDestructionof Herod the Great\u2019s Harbor at<\/span><\/p>\n

Caesarea Maritima, Israel.\u201d Geology 34:1061-1064.<\/span><\/p>\n

[38] Raban, A., 1992, Sebastos: the royal harbour at Caesarea<\/span><\/p>\n

Maritima \u2013 a short-lived giant, International Journal of<\/span><\/p>\n

Nautical Archaeology 21: 111-124<\/span><\/p>\n

[39] Meyers,1999, p. 380\ufb00<\/span><\/p>\n

[40] The archaeological stratum representing the destruction is<\/span><\/p>\n

analyzed in the PhD dissertation of Cherie Joyce Lentzen, The Byzantine\/Islamic<\/span><\/p>\n

Occupation of Caesarea Maritima<\/span><\/p>\n

asEvidencedThroughthePottery(DrewUniversity1983), noted by Meyer 1999:381 note<\/span><\/p>\n

23.<\/span><\/p>\n

[41] Al-Baladhuri, 1916, pp. 216\u2212219<\/span><\/p>\n

[42] Meyers, 1999, p 380<\/span><\/p>\n

[43] Quoted in Meyers, 1999, p. 381<\/span><\/p>\n

[44] AnnuarioPonti\ufb01cio2013(LibreriaEditriceVaticana2013 ISBN<\/span><\/p>\n

978-88-209-9070-1), p. 867<\/span><\/p>\n

[45]<\/span><\/p>\n

Biograf\u00eda<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For the article relating to town north of this ancient port, see Caesarea. For other places with the same name, see Caesarea (disambiguation). Caesarea Maritima (Greek: Par\u00e1lios Kais\u00e1reia, \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1) was one of four Roman colonies for veterans in the Syria-Phoenicia region created by the Roman Empire.[1] The ancient Caesarea Maritima (or Caesarea Palestinae[2]) city […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":643,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"vacation_category":[],"class_list":["post-637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCaesarea Maritima - \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Caesarea Maritima - \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For the article relating to town north of this ancient port, see Caesarea. For other places with the same name, see Caesarea (disambiguation). Caesarea Maritima (Greek: Par\u00e1lios Kais\u00e1reia, \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1) was one of four Roman colonies for veterans in the Syria-Phoenicia region created by the Roman Empire.[1] The ancient Caesarea Maritima (or Caesarea Palestinae[2]) city […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-02-01T15:56:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-01T15:58:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"412\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"199\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"'questour_admin'\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"'questour_admin'\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"18 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"'questour_admin'\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#\/schema\/person\/368e9a2a6806ef63cec252ce2bed32d1\"},\"headline\":\"Caesarea Maritima\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-02-01T15:56:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-01T15:58:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/\"},\"wordCount\":3191,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2-2.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/\",\"name\":\"Caesarea Maritima - \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2-2.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-02-01T15:56:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-01T15:58:36+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2-2.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2-2.jpg\",\"width\":412,\"height\":199},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u05d3\u05e3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Caesarea Maritima\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/\",\"name\":\"\u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9\",\"description\":\"\u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/logo12-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/logo12-1.png\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1024,\"caption\":\"\u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#\/schema\/person\/368e9a2a6806ef63cec252ce2bed32d1\",\"name\":\"'questour_admin'\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3dba4077ba522ea6eded51518b7002bb248a62a286b70f1a2f654a5969f924b3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3dba4077ba522ea6eded51518b7002bb248a62a286b70f1a2f654a5969f924b3?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"'questour_admin'\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/author\/questour_admin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Caesarea Maritima - \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Caesarea Maritima - \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9","og_description":"For the article relating to town north of this ancient port, see Caesarea. For other places with the same name, see Caesarea (disambiguation). Caesarea Maritima (Greek: Par\u00e1lios Kais\u00e1reia, \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1) was one of four Roman colonies for veterans in the Syria-Phoenicia region created by the Roman Empire.[1] The ancient Caesarea Maritima (or Caesarea Palestinae[2]) city […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/","og_site_name":"\u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9","article_published_time":"2022-02-01T15:56:21+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-02-01T15:58:36+00:00","og_image":[{"width":412,"height":199,"url":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2-2.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"'questour_admin'","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"'questour_admin'","Est. reading time":"18 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/"},"author":{"name":"'questour_admin'","@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#\/schema\/person\/368e9a2a6806ef63cec252ce2bed32d1"},"headline":"Caesarea Maritima","datePublished":"2022-02-01T15:56:21+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-01T15:58:36+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/"},"wordCount":3191,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2-2.jpg","articleSection":["Articles"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/","url":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/","name":"Caesarea Maritima - \u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2-2.jpg","datePublished":"2022-02-01T15:56:21+00:00","dateModified":"2022-02-01T15:58:36+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2-2.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/\u05d1\u05dc\u05d5\u05d2-2.jpg","width":412,"height":199},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/caesarea-maritima\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u05d3\u05e3 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05ea","item":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Caesarea Maritima"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/","name":"\u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9","description":"\u05e1\u05d5\u05db\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#organization","name":"\u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9","url":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/logo12-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/logo12-1.png","width":1024,"height":1024,"caption":"\u05d0\u05e4\u05e8\u05ea\u05d9 \u05ea\u05d9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05e0\u05d5\u05e4\u05e9"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#\/schema\/person\/368e9a2a6806ef63cec252ce2bed32d1","name":"'questour_admin'","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3dba4077ba522ea6eded51518b7002bb248a62a286b70f1a2f654a5969f924b3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3dba4077ba522ea6eded51518b7002bb248a62a286b70f1a2f654a5969f924b3?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"'questour_admin'"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il"],"url":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/author\/questour_admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=637"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":642,"href":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/637\/revisions\/642"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/643"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=637"},{"taxonomy":"vacation_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tours-israel.org.il\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vacation_category?post=637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}